In The Miseries of War (Les Misères de la guerre), 1633, by Jacques Callot (1592–1635), the allusion to the political spirit following the Thirty Years’ War that decimated Lorraine, France, Callot’s native region, is evident. Although published almost 200 years prior, The Miseries of War is said to have inspired Francisco de Goya’s series of 82 prints entitled The Disasters of War, to which it is often compared.

_{Jacques Callot. The Hanging, plate 11 from The Miseries of War (Les Misères de la guerre), 1633. Joseph Brooks Fair Fund.}