War’s casualties take many forms, both physical and psychological. While the instruments of warfare have evolved over time, the bodily harm and mental strain inflicted upon combatants have not. Older terms such as “soldier’s heart,” “battle fatigue,” “shell shock,” and “the thousand-yard stare” were the precursors to today’s “combat stress reaction,” and “post-traumatic stress disorder.” Both bodily and facial prosthetic technology evolved during World War I as a result of the many gravely maimed and injured servicemen.

_{Jacob Epstein. Wounded Soldier (Private Brush), 1918. H. Karl and Nancy von Maltitz Endowment.}