In February, 1909 the Italian writer F. T. Marinetti published the "Founding Manifesto of Futurism" in the Parisian newspaper Le Figaro, initiating a literary movement that championed progress and condemned static traditionalism. The following year, a group of artists, including Umberto Boccioni and Carlo Carrà, joined the circle with the Manifesto of Futurist Painters (1910). Through exhibitions and performances, the Futurists circulated their ideas throughout Italy and abroad, extending the movement to such arts as dance, music, and film. In 1913 Marinetti formed an alliance with the magazine Lacerba to publish new manifestos.

1. Virgilio Marchi, Architettura futurista. Foligno: F. Campitelli, 1924.
2. F. T. Marinetti, Manifeste du futurisme, [1910].
3. Umberto Boccioni, Manifeste des peintres futuristes. Milan: Direction du mouvement futuriste, [1910].
4. Antonio Sant'Elia, "Manifesto of Futurist Architecture." Lacerba, 1 August 1914.